Objective

Saudi Arabia relies heavily on fossil fuel for power generation and ignoring other free and available energy sources. The traditional and excessive use of fossil fuels results in the emissions of greenhouse gasses, particularly carbon dioxide. The emission of these gasses has caused serious environmental problems such as global warming and
global climate.
This presentation aims to provide an alternative and pollutant-free energy source for Saudi Arabia to use to possibly reduce the country’s excessiveness in fossil fuels and meet its future energy demand.

Presentation

The solution, why did we choose it?

Since Saudi Arabia is mostly sunny over the year, our team has suggested that solar energy is the best available
an energy source that the country could use.
Solar energy is one of the most widespread energies that is utilized by using photovoltaic (PV) systems that absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. This technology is pollutant-free operates at low costs, and highest power density compared to other renewable energies.
Drawbacks of the solution in KSA
However, there are some concerns regarding solar systems. The conversion of this technology is relatively poor compared to fossil fuel. Moreover, the accumulation of dust and solar radiation of a PV module negatively affects its performance, which are major issues considering the hot and dusty environment of the country’s climate.
To tackle these problems, our team has proposed three solutions that could potentially make this technology a viable energy source.

• Solution 1: Water Cooling

The system consists of a set of UV-resistant pipes with several small holes that surround the rooftop surface of the panels. These pipes are used to spray a thin film of water onto the surface of the panels to cool and clean them at the same time. the best time to start cooling the PV panels in hot arid regions and the rate at which they are cooled. The results concluded that the best to time start cooling is when the panels reach 45 C at an average cooling rate of 2 C /min it can be recycled, filtered, and stored to be used again

• Solution 2: Phase Change Materials Cooling

PCM is attached at the backside of the PV panel in the form of moveable shutters. The main objective of PCM is to act as a heat sink for PV panel

Thermal energy absorbed by the PCM from PV during sunshine hours is released to ambient during non sunshine hours and PCM gets solidified. PCM filled shutters remain open and exposed to ambient during non sunshine hours while during sunshine hours these shutters are kept closed and attached to the tedlar

• Solution 3: Perovskite Cells

Perovskite solar cells are the rising star in the field of photovoltaics. They are causing excitement within the solar power industry with their ability to absorb light across almost all visible wavelengths, exceptional power conversion efficiencies already exceeding 20% in the lab, and relative ease of fabrication
Perovskite PV plants are promising for high efficiencies and flexibility, as well as lower material potential and lower processing costs. A big advantage that perovskite photovoltaic systems have over conventional solar technology is that they react to various different wavelengths of light, which will allow them to convert more of the sunlight that reaches them into electricity
It consists of calcium, titanium, and oxygen in the form CaTiO3

References

M. A.E. H. K. H. E. S. K.A. Moharram, “Enhancing the performance of photovolaic panels by water cooling,” Science Direct, Egyp t, 2013

A. Z. S. Hamzat Kanmi, “Advances in PV and PVT cooling technologies: A review,” Research Gate, 2021.
B. N. Kanzumba Kusakana, “A review of solar photovoltaic systems cooling technologies,” Research Gate, 2017
.U. S. Rok Stropnik, “Increasing the efficiency of PV panel with the use of PCM,” Elsevier, 2016.

[8] S. O. M. A. M. Emam, “Performance study and analysis of an inclined concentrated photovoltaic-phase change material system,” Elsevier, 2017.

J. J. Adeel Waqas, “Thermal management of conventional PV panel using PCM with movable shutters – A numerical study,” Elsevier, vol. 158, pp.