Abstract

Because of the harsh and hot weather, some of our crops in Saudi Arabia such as strawberries and tomatoes were damaged and their production decreased.

Accordingly, greenhouses are built for human needs. the materials used in their construction have a low refractive index, for this reason, we focused on quartz in our project because has a high refractive index.

Problem

Some plants are being pushed to extinction due to rising temperatures in Saudi Arabia.

Objective

• Improving greenhouse structure by using a material with a higher refractive index.
• Proving the validity of quartz by studying the properties of this material and the way it works in reducing light.

Presentation

Background

The properties of quartz were studied by previous scientists and we collected their results in the following: –

• Quartz is used to reduce sunlight in sunglasses.
• When the thickness of the quartz increases, we get a greater resistance to light.
• The light transmittance can be controlled based on how the quartz is melted or we can call it “heat treatment“. Flame fused quartz upon freezing has better radiation resistance than plasma or electrolytic fused quartz.
• We find that quartz is one of the most abundant materials in the earth’s crust, which makes its price low.

A comparison of the proposed quartz material in our research with glass :

References

Andrle, A., Hönicke, P., Vinson, J., Quintanilha, R., Saadeh, Q., Heidenreich, S., … & Soltwisch, V. (2021). The anisotropy in the optical constants of quartz crystals for soft X-rays. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 54(2).‏

Kocharyan, V. R. (2017). Hard X-ray diffraction in quartz single crystals in the presence of temperature gradient. Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences), 52(4), 392-398.‏

Marquez-Mata, C. A., Chavez, M. J. M., Campillo-Rivera, G. E., Vazquez-Bañuelos, J., Garcia-Duran, A., & Vega-Carrillo, H. R. (2021). Shielding features of seven types on natural quartz. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 167, 109450.‏

Schreiber, A., Kühn, B., Arnold, E., Schilling, F. J., & Witzke, H. D. (2005). Radiation resistance of quartz glass for VUV discharge lamps. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38(17), 3242.‏

http://www.plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/

https://www.micquartz.com/quartz-glass-products/quartz-plates/ Unified National Platform.(2021).Environmental Protection in  KSA.www.my.gov.sa/wps/portal/snp/aboutksa/environmentalProtection#

Current Status of Plant Conserva in Saudi Arabia. (2021).

http://plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/Biodiversity-Saudi-Arabia/Conservation/Conservation.htm

Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of

Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-139-78870-0.

Goldich ’ s Weathering Series Explained in Terms of Bond Strength Goldich ’ s Bility to. (2007), p. 8150. http://railsback.org/Fundamentals/8150Goldich&BondStreng06LS.pdf

Andrle, A., Hönicke, P., Vinson, J., Quintanilha, R., Saadeh, Q.,

Heidenreich, S., … & Soltwisch, V. (2021). The anisotropy in the  optical constants of quartz crystals for soft X-rays. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 54(2).

Kocharyan, V. R. (2017). Hard X-ray diffraction in quartz single crystals in the presence of temperature gradient. Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences), 52(4), 392-398.

Marquez-Mata, C. A., Chavez, M. J. M., Campillo-Rivera, G. E.,

Vazquez-Bañuelos, J., Garcia-Duran, A., & Vega-Carrillo, H. R.

 (2021). Shielding features of seven types on natural quartz. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 167, 109450.‏

Schreiber, A., Kühn, B., Arnold, E., Schilling, F. J., & Witzke, H. D. (2005).

Radiation resistance of quartz glass for VUV discharge lamps.

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38(17), 3242.‏